Bake-oven.



No. 660,695. Patentad Oct. 30, 1900. J. BDUR.

BAKE OVEN. A

(Application mad Feb. 2, 1900.) i l 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH Bonn, or PRINCETON', INDIANA.

BAKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATIONl forming part of Letters Patent No. 660,695, dated October 30, 1900. Application filed February 2,1900. 4Serial No. 3,700. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BOUR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Princeton, in the county of Gibson and State of Indiana', have inventeda new and useful Bake-Oven, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to baking-ovens, and has for one object to provide a simple, eective, and durable oven which will not only economize fuel, but will produce a uniform heat at all times and of such construction as to permit the oven to be fired and baked at the same time and embodying a single furnace for the entire oven expanse and means for equalizing the heat over the entire bottom surface or bed of the oven and also over the top of the same.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the subjoined description and the novelty clearly expressed in the appended claims, the preferred embodiment of the improvement being illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a front end elevation, partially in section, of the improved oven. a longitudinal vertical section of thc same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken through the plane of the dues.

Similarnumerals of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

The numeral l designates a front wall, 2 a back wall, and 3 opposite side walls, the latter being held against spreading by bondingrods f1, arranged at regular intervals and run1 through washers or keeper-plates on the outside, as will be readily understood. The furnace 5 is located at the central lower portion of the front of the oven and includes any preferred form of grate-bars 6, located at a suitable distance above an ash-pit 7, both being reached in a convenient manner through doors 8 and 9 at relative elevations. Supported by the fire-wall lO is a deiiector 11, having opposite inclined faces 12, extending toward opposite sides of the oven from a central point or ridge 13, disposed in line with the center of the grate-bars 6. This defiector projects above the vertical limit of the furnace 5, and extending upwardly from the rear portions of the opposite sides of the series of grate-bars are inclined distributing-dues 14,

Fig. 2 is wardly to the dues 18. proportions of ovens the dimensions of these which are deected slightly toward the rear Wall of the oven and have full communication with iiues 15, 16, 17, and 18, similarly constructed in duplication on opposite sides of a central dividing-wall 19. rlhe said flues 15, 16, 17, and 18 are separated by` walls 20, 21, and 22, the walls 20 being shorter than the adjacent outer walls 21, so as to form feedingthroats 23 for the opposite tlues 15, the latter being shut off from direct communication `with the furnace by the lateral projection on each side of the deliector 11. The fines 1.5, 16, 17, and 18 and their separating-walls, as well as the wall 19,. extend longitudinally of the oven and have an upward inclination toward the rear wall 2 and open into a rear receivingflue 24, which exteuds'transversely across the rear portion of the oven between the side walls 3. The bottoms of the said dues are preferably Inade of lire-brick 25, resting on a bed of earth 26, and the top portions of the same are formed of square tiling 27, and the several iiues have a rise of about five inches from the front to the rear. The separating-walls 20, 21, and 22 are also preferably constructed of fire-brick of a suitable thickness, and all of the fines are of equal length, but vary in width gradually from the inner flues 15 out- In different sizes or dues may be varied; but practical experiment has shown that the width of the inner fines 15 ought to be about seven inches, the dues 16 nine inches, the fines 17 eleven inches, and the fines 18 twelve inches. By this pro gressive increase in the Width of the iiues from the inner dividing-wall19 outermost the heat from the furnace is more evenly or uniformly distributed, and the interposition of the detlector 11 provides a check, which prevents the heat and particles of combustion from the furnace passing directly out through the finesv 15 without traversing equally the lues 16, 17, and 18. The upward lateralincline of the distributing-dues 14, as well as the upward rearward incline of the lines 15, 16, 17, and 18, greatly aids the eqfi'lahdstribution of the heat and encourages a quick traverse of the several flues by the particles of combustion. It will also be observed that by varying thewidth of the several llues in the manner specified the heating capacity of each will be equal to that of the adjacent ones irrespective of-the distance from the most in tense caloric generation.

The oven 28 is located immediately above the several flues just described and extends from the opposite side walls and also from the front wail l to a rear oven-wall 29, which separates it from the receiving-flue 24, the latter being formed between the said under wall and the rear wall 2. The bottom of the oven 28 is composed, preferably, of fire-brick 30, which are rested on a bed of sand 3l, directly over the tiling 27 of the fines and front tiles 32 immediately above the furnace 5. Directly over the oven 28 are a series of fines 33, which are formed of hollow pottery resting on T-beams 34 and extending from the upper portion of the receiving-due 24 to the base of the chimney 35. Each of the lines 33 has separate comm unication with the receiving-line 24, similar to the communication therewith of the several flues 15,16, 17, and 18. At the points where all the flues communicate with this receiving-flue the walls are curved to prevent the formation of obstruction to a clear draft and to avoid accumulation of the particles of com bustion at these points. To facilitate cleaning the several flues, upper and lower cleaning-ports 36 and 37 are provided in the rear wall 2 in line with the fines and having suitable doors 38, which are adapted to be tightly closed when not in use. Over the flues 33 abed of sand 39 is placed, and by this means the radiation of the heat from the said fines 33 is prevented and the oven 28 more perfectly affected thereby. Theinterposed bed 31 of sand also tends to hold the heat and evenly tempers the bottom of the oven, and

, owing to the inclination in an upward and rearward direction of the top walls of the flues 15, 16, 17, and 18, which are as one wall in a transverse direction, the interposed bed of sand 31 between the same and the bottom of the oven gradually decreases in thickness toward the rear and proportionately as the heat is less intense. The bottom of the oven has a slight upward inclination from the front to the rear, and the flues 33 are also slightly inclined from the rear toward the front, and consequently the vertical distance from the said bottom ofthe oven to the flues 33 gradually diminishes toward the rear of said oven. This arrangement of parts serves to contribute to the uniform distribution of the heat throughout the oven from end to end and at top and bottom. It will also be observed that the bottom of the distributing-fine 14 terminates at it-s outer ends and on opposite sides atabout a level with the bottom of the outer iiues 18 and that the heat and particles of combustion from the furnace are thereby more closely directed into4 the several lues with which the said distributing-flue communicates toward the opposite sides of the oven.

Within the chimney 35 is a damper 40, operable by a damper-rod 41, extending through the front wall 1 of the oven. y Communicating with this chimney, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, isa vent 42, which opens at its lower extremityinto the furnace 5. A vent 43 also runs from the front portion of the oven 28 upwardly to the front wall 1 to the chimney at a pointabove the damper 40 and is supplied with a damper 44, having an operating-rod 45, extending through said wall 1; Through the medium of the vent 42 the oven maybe fired while the baking operation is carried on and in which event the vent 43 also serves an important function and may be used at times in addition to control the heat of the oven.

The oven is supplied with a door 46 and is adapted to be opened with a weight 47, and such other attachments as are conducive to the effective operation of the oven will be used and now well known in the art.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is,-

l.. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of an oven proper, flues/arranged above and below the same, the lower iiues being inclined upwardly and separated by an intermediate partition, said lower flues on opposite sides of the partition being' gradually widened from the innermost one of each series to the outermost one of the same, and the upper iiues inclined upwardly from the rear toward the front to thereby gradually diminish the vertical extent of the oven proper toward the rear of the same, and a single furnace having a deflector at the rear portion thereof located opposite the inner narrowest lower flues.

2. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of an oven proper, flues arranged above and below the same and having reverse angles of inclination the lower fines being divided by an intermediate partition and gradually increasing in Width from the innermost to the outermost in a transverse direction, a bed of sand interposed between the bottom of the oven proper and the lower flues and gradually decreasing in thickness toward the rear, a single furnace communieating with the lower flues and also having a covering of sand thereover, and a deiiector at the rear of the furnace opposite the inner ,lower iiues.

3. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of an oven proper, separate flues thereunder having an outlet, a single furnace, laterallyextending upwardly -inclined distributing-fines extending from the said furnace and communicating with the flues under the oven proper, and a deflector at the rear part of th-e furnace.

4. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of a furnace, a deflector at the rear thereof, distributing-lines extending laterally from the furnace, a series of heating and conveying flues communicating with the said distributing-dues and gradually increasing in width from the center outermost, and an oven proper located over the said heating and conveying fines.

IOO

IIO

5. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of an oven proper, a single furnace located under the central front portion of the sam e, a deector at the rear of said furnace, a series of iiues under the oven proper and having communication with the furnace, and a series of fines over the oven proper and havin g communication with the said dues under the oven and with the exterior of the device.

6. In a device of the character set forth, the combination of an oven proper, flues arranged above and below the same, and having communication with each other and With the atmosphere, a single furnace, distributin g-lues extending laterally from opposite sides of the furnace and having communication with the lower flues, a deector at the rear part of the furnace, the bottom of the oven proper and the lues thereunder as well as the dist'ributingdiues having an upward inclination, and the upper flues reversely inclined toward the front, and means for permitting the furnace to be fired While the baking operation is carried on. y

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto afxed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

JOSEPH BOUR.

Witnesses:

f FORNA MILLER,

ALBERT W. FUNKHOUSER. 

